- Canine Papilloma Virus (CPV)
- Canine Papilloma Virus Overview
- What are viruses?
- CPV and cancer
- How does CPV spread, and prevention
- What treatments are available for CPV?
WHAT ARE VIRUSES?
How does a virus infect a cell?
A virus uses the following steps to infect a cell:
- Entry – The virus may enter the body through your pet’s eyes, nose, ears, mouth, or breaks in the skin.
- Attachment – The virus recognizes and binds to a cell by attaching itself to receptor molecules on the host cell surface.
- Infection – After attachment, the virus infects the host by injecting its genetic material into the host cell.
- Multiplication – The virus reprograms the host cell to produce multiple copies of itself.
- Spread – The host cell dies, and the viral copies are released, which spread throughout the body, infecting more cells. At this stage, your pet might start to feel sick.
Viruses may also remain hidden or dormant inside the host cells for long periods, without any symptoms. The immune system does not detect these viruses, and they can remain hidden for years before activating and replicating.
Regular check-ups with your vet will help you identify if your pet has a viral infection. If your dog or cat is carrying a virus, your vet can guide you on treatment and precautionary measures.
The Pet Cancer Foundation’s Website Editorial team is comprised of veterinarians, veterinary oncologists, and veterinary technicians, as well as scientific writers and editors who have attained their PhD’s in the life sciences, along with general editors and research assistants. All content found in this section goes through an extensive process with multiple review stages, to ensure this extended resource provides pet families with the most up-to-date information publicly available.
The team listing of those contributing to the information on this page is here:
Keep Your Pets Healthy Editorial Team
Last Updated: July 20, 2022
The Pet Cancer Foundation’s medical resource for pet owners is protected by copyright.
For reprint requests, please see our Content Usage Policy.
The Pet Cancer Foundation’s Medical Illustration team is comprised of medical illustration specialists and graphic designers that work in consultation with our team of experts to create the medical art found throughout our website. Though not all medical concepts require the assistance of imagery, when a page does contain a medical illustration, credit to the artist and our medical art director will be noted here.
The Pet Cancer Foundation’s medical imagery is protected by copyright and cannot be used without prior approval that includes a mutually signed licensing agreement. Please review our Content Usage Policy.
The following sources were referenced to write the content on this page:
Chauhan, RP, Dessie, ZG, Noreddin, A & El Zowalaty, ME 2020, ‘Systematic review of important viral diseases in Africa in light of the ‘One Health’ concept’, Pathogens, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 301-384.
Cohen, FS 2016, ‘How viruses invade cells’, Biophys Jl, vol. 110, no. 5, pp. 1028-1032.
Lodish, H, Berk, A, Zipursky, SL, Matsudaira, P, Baltimore, D & Darnell, J 2000, ‘Viruses: structure, function, and uses’, Molecular Cell Biology, 4 edn, WH Freeman.
Martella, V, Elia, G & Buonavoglia, C 2008, ‘Canine distemper virus’, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, vol. 38, no. 4, pp.787-797
Morales-Sánchez, A & Fuentes-Pananá, EM 2014, ‘Human viruses and cancer’, Viruses, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 4047-4079.
Munday, JS, Thomson, NA & Luff JA 2017, ‘Papillomaviruses in dogs and cats., Vet J, vol. 225, pp. 23-31.
Pollock, RV & Coyne MJ 1993, ‘Canine parvovirus’, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 555-568.
Szymonowicz, KA & Chen J 2020, ‘Biological and clinical aspects of HPV-related cancers’, Cancer Biol Med, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 864-878.
Trovato, M, Sartorius, R, D’Apice, L, Manco, R & De Berardinis P 2020, ‘Viral emerging diseases: challenges in developing vaccination strategies’, Front Immunol, vol.3, no. 11, pp. 2130-2150.
The Pet Cancer Foundation’s medical resource for pet owners is protected by copyright.
For reprint requests, please see our Content Usage Policy.